Buying a property for vacation rental use is fundamentally different from buying a home to live in—or even a traditional rental property. The factors that make a property great for short-term rentals are specific and measurable.
Before you make an offer, you need a systematic approach to evaluating STR potential.
The STR Investment Mindset
Different Criteria Than Primary Residence
What matters for vacation rentals:
| STR Priority | Personal Home Priority |
|---|---|
| Location appeal to travelers | Commute, schools |
| Bedroom/bathroom count | Layout preferences |
| Outdoor amenities | Yard for family |
| Photogenic spaces | Personal taste |
| Rental regulations | HOA preferences |
Different Criteria Than Long-Term Rental
What differs from traditional rentals:
| STR Focus | LTR Focus |
|---|---|
| Nightly rate potential | Monthly rent |
| Tourist demand | Job market |
| Seasonal patterns | Stable demand |
| Amenity premium | Basic livability |
| Furnished turnkey | Unfurnished simplicity |
Step 1: Market Analysis
Before looking at properties, analyze the market.
Demand Indicators
Positive signs:
- Strong tourism industry
- Major employers bringing visitors
- Events and attractions
- Natural amenities (beach, mountains, lakes)
- Limited hotel inventory
- Growing visitor numbers
Warning signs:
- Declining tourism
- Oversupply of rentals
- Seasonal-only demand (unless priced accordingly)
- No clear reason travelers visit
Competition Assessment
Research:
- Number of active listings (AirDNA, Mashvisor)
- Average occupancy rates
- Average daily rates by property type
- Review scores distribution
- New listings trend
Healthy market indicators:
- 60%+ average occupancy
- Strong rates relative to property costs
- Mix of property types succeeding
- Positive review trends
Regulatory Environment
Critical to research before buying:
- Is STR permitted in this area?
- What permits/licenses required?
- Any caps on permits?
- Zoning restrictions?
- HOA rules (check actual CC&Rs)?
- Tax requirements?
- Any pending regulation changes?
Don’t assume. Many investors have purchased properties only to discover STR isn’t permitted.
Step 2: Location Evaluation
Micro-Location Factors
Access to attractions:
- Walking distance to key draws?
- Easy drive to major attractions?
- Public transit availability?
- Airport proximity?
Neighborhood character:
- Safe and appealing to visitors?
- Quiet vs. entertainment district (match to target guest)?
- Walkable to amenities?
- Parking availability?
Views and setting:
- Water views command premiums
- Mountain/nature views valuable
- Unique settings memorable
- Privacy appealing for some markets
Competition Within Location
Even within good markets, specific locations matter:
- How many competing listings within 1 mile?
- What’s your competitive advantage?
- Can you differentiate on location?
Step 3: Property Analysis
Size and Configuration
Bedroom count:
- More bedrooms = higher potential revenue
- But also higher purchase price
- Sweet spot often 3-4 bedrooms for family market
- 1-2 bedrooms for urban/couple market
Bathroom count:
- Minimum 1 full bath per 2-3 bedrooms
- More bathrooms = competitive advantage
- En-suite masters highly desirable
Living spaces:
- Open concept photographs well
- Multiple gathering areas valuable for groups
- Kitchen quality matters
Outdoor Amenities
High-value features:
- Pool (significant premium in right markets)
- Hot tub (easier to add, strong appeal)
- Outdoor dining space
- Views
- Privacy
- Fire pit
- Waterfront access
Property Condition
Assess:
- Major systems age (HVAC, roof, water heater)
- Kitchen and bath condition
- Flooring condition
- Structural integrity
- Code compliance
- Update needs before rental-ready
Renovation requirements affect true cost of entry.
Step 4: Financial Analysis
Revenue Projection
Data sources:
- AirDNA market data
- Mashvisor analytics
- AllTheRooms data
- Comparable listing research
- Property manager estimates
Conservative approach:
- Use median, not top performers
- Account for ramp-up period (Year 1 lower)
- Consider seasonal variation
- Don’t assume you’ll be best-in-market
Expense Estimation
Operating expenses to budget:
| Expense | Typical % of Revenue |
|---|---|
| Management (if used) | 20-30% |
| Platform fees | 3-15% |
| Cleaning | 10-15% |
| Utilities | 5-10% |
| Maintenance | 5-10% |
| Insurance | 3-5% |
| Supplies | 2-4% |
Plus fixed costs:
- Property taxes
- HOA fees
- Permits/licenses
- Mortgage (if financed)
Key Metrics to Calculate
Gross rental yield: Annual Gross Revenue ÷ Purchase Price
Target: 10%+ for markets without strong appreciation
Cash-on-cash return: Annual Cash Flow ÷ Total Cash Invested
Target: 8%+ after all expenses
Cap rate: Net Operating Income ÷ Property Value
Target: 6%+ in good markets, 8%+ in secondary markets
See our ROI analysis guide for detailed calculations.
Step 5: Due Diligence
Before Making an Offer
Confirm:
- STR legally permitted
- No HOA restrictions
- Zoning allows STR
- No pending regulation changes
Research:
- Comparable sales
- Rental performance of similar properties
- Neighborhood issues
- Future development plans
During Inspection Period
Standard inspection plus:
- Pool/hot tub inspection (if applicable)
- Septic inspection (if applicable)
- Detailed systems assessment
- Renovation cost estimates
STR-specific due diligence:
- Apply for permit (confirm approval possible)
- Get insurance quotes
- Consult property manager for realistic projections
- Review actual STR performance data for similar properties
HOA Deep Dive
If property has HOA:
- Read entire CC&Rs
- Review meeting minutes (STR discussions?)
- Ask direct questions about STR policy
- Get written confirmation STR permitted
- Understand any restrictions (minimum stay, etc.)
Red Flags to Watch
Market Red Flags
- Oversupply of listings
- Declining occupancy trends
- Pending restrictive regulations
- Seasonal-only demand with no off-season plan
- No clear traveler demand drivers
Property Red Flags
- HOA with vague or changing STR rules
- Property condition requiring major renovation
- Configuration that doesn’t work for guests
- Location that doesn’t appeal to travelers
- Features that create liability (unfenced pool, etc.)
Financial Red Flags
- Numbers that only work with optimistic assumptions
- Heavy reliance on appreciation (cash flow negative)
- Deferred maintenance that will require capital
- High fixed costs relative to revenue potential
Making the Decision
Go Criteria
- Regulations clearly permit STR
- Market data supports projections
- Property has competitive advantages
- Numbers work with conservative assumptions
- You understand and can manage the risks
Walk Away Criteria
- Any regulatory uncertainty
- Numbers require optimistic assumptions
- Property has significant disadvantages vs. competition
- Market showing decline
- Major capital requirements not reflected in price
Negotiation Considerations
Price should reflect:
- Actual STR potential (not seller’s hopes)
- Renovation needs
- Furniture/setup costs
- Any regulatory limitations
Consider asking for:
- Price reduction for work needed
- Existing furnishings included
- Existing bookings conveyed
- Transition support from seller
After Purchase
Path to First Guest
- Complete any required renovations
- Furnish and stage
- Obtain permits/licenses
- Set up insurance
- Professional photography
- Create listings
- Begin accepting bookings
Timeline: Allow 30-90 days from closing to first guest, depending on work needed.
Evaluating STR investments requires expertise. Contact us to discuss how we can help analyze potential properties in our service areas.
